The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the French league winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.